This paper investigates the impact of air pollution on physical and mental health, as well as on overall well-being, with a particular focus on urban environments in Serbia. The concentrations of pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, ozone, and sulfur dioxide were analyzed in Belgrade and on Mount Kopaonik during December 2024. The results showed significant differences in pollutant concentrations between urban and mountainous areas, with higher values recorded in Belgrade. Long-term exposure to pollution is associated with an increased risk of respiratory, cardiovascular, and mental health issues, as well as a reductionin quality of life and well-being. The paper highlights the need for stricter regulations, improvements in urban planning, and public education to reduce pollution and improve quality of life.